( For the full story, see https://tinyurl.com/mws4396j )
When the floodgates are open, a torrent of water gushes into a dry river bed and races to the shore of Lake Kinneret, a biblical lake in northern Israel that was being lost to drought and the growing population around it.
The water is fresh, high-quality, and
expensive. Desalinated from the Mediterranean Sea and
transported across the country where it awaits the order to replenish the lake
should it start to shrink again.
This new network will also let Israel double
the amount of water it sells to neighboring Jordan under a broader
water-for-energy deal forged through a working, though often fractious,
relationship.
After a heat wave or strong rain, the level of
the lake makes national news. Alarms went off regularly this past decade
following protracted droughts and receding shorelines.
So Israel built a chain of desalination plants
along its Mediterranean coast putting it in the unlikely position of having a
surplus of water, a bright spot in an arid region extremely vulnerable to
climate change.
"All the extra water that (the plants)
are producing, we will be able to bring it with the national water carrier
system up north and into the Lake Kinneret," said Yoav Barkay, who manages
the national carrier at state-owned Mekorot.
"With this environment of climate
changes, you don't know what to expect next year and the year afterward,"
he said. "We are no longer depending on rain basically for water
supply."
Water and peace
The refill system may be used more frequently
with water exports to Jordan on the rise, he said. It can raise the lake's
level by half a meter each year, according to Mekorot.
Water was a major component in the peace
treaty the neighbors signed in 1994. The arrangement was for Israel to supply
Jordan with 50 million cubic meters of drinkable water a year. That was doubled
in late 2021.
Both countries are active participants in the
pact, even as they accuse each other of exacerbating the broader problem of
water shortages through the management of their shared and connected rivers.
Jordanian and Israeli officials have traded
blame over river levels, reservoirs and the progress of a separate scheme to
desalinate water from the southern Red Sea - all potentially highly charged
issues in a tense region where water is scarce.
But there has been progress.
Around a year ago Israel and Jordan agreed to
partner in a project that would see Jordan build 600 megawatts of solar
generating capacity to be exported to Israel in return for the additional water
supply.
Jordan’s minister of water and irrigation at
the time said that climate change and an influx of refugees exacerbated
Jordan’s water challenges, but that there are opportunities for regional
cooperation to solve them.
Construction is now underway on a pipeline to
again double the amount that will reach Jordan which means that some 200
million cubic meters of water - the same amount consumed by the five biggest
cities in Israel combined - will be supplied to Jordan.
The national water carrier is empty at the
moment, undergoing seasonal repairs and upgrades. At one junction in northern
Israel, engineers work on a pipe more than large enough for them to stand inside.
They are adding a new line that jets off to the city Beit Shean and from there
east to the Jordan border. Mekorot hopes to complete it in 2026.